Ukraine Chemical Weapons: Russian Allegations Against Ukraine

Using data collected in METIS, our team analysed 21 Russian allegations of Ukrainian chemical weapons usage from February 2022 to November 2024. Chemical weapons, dual-use items, and biological agents have been collectively referenced by Russian politicians and media under the umbrella of "chemical weapons", even though not all these items accurately fall within this classification.

Finding 1: Alleged use of 7 different chemicals

Russian disinformation campaigns mention at least seven different agents allegedly used by Ukraine: white phosphorus, botulinum toxin, chlorine, adamsite, phosgene, CS gas, chloropicrin, BZ, sulfuric acid and sodium cyanide. Fenix Insight analysts investigated each allegation and found a consistent lack of verifiable evidence to support these accusations. 

Detailed information on these agents is provided in technical records available on METIS, detailing characteristics such as physical properties, mechanisms of action, toxicology and physiological effects, and regulatory or treaty status. Our records also include alternate designations, synonyms, relationships to other agents, and associated munitions and dispersal devices. High-resolution images are included, supplemented by relevant documentation such as declassified reports.

Finding 2: 14 allegations via media and social networks

Allegations about Ukrainian chemical weapons usage were made through different channels: two via the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), five as notes to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and 14 published via the media or social networks. The latter method of communication allows for rapid dissemination of claims without the scrutiny that official channels might require, potentially amplifying the impact of these unverified accusations.

Finding 3: Increase in frequency of allegations

From December 2023 to November 2024 Russia made 9 allegations against Ukraine. This represents an increase compared to earlier periods, suggesting an escalation in Russia's disinformation strategy. The Russian allegations have been widely interpreted as efforts to pre-emptively deflect blame, or provide justification for their own use of chemical weapons in the conflict. Overall, the situation underscores a disinformation battle, complicating the international community's ability to discern genuine threats from strategic propaganda.

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